يوريدين 5'- مونوفوسفات أحادي الفوسفات

What Is Uridine 5 Monophosphate?

Uridine 5′-monophosphate (UMP) is a nucleotide that plays a key role in RNA synthesis, cognitive function, and cellular metabolism. Its CAS number is 58-97-9, and its molecular formula is C9H13N2O9P, with a molecular weight of approximately 324.18 g/mol. UMP is an odorless, white to off-white crystalline powder insoluble in organic solvents like ethanol but somewhat soluble in water when pure.

When stored normally, it is considered fairly stable and has a melting point of about 206°C (with breakdown). In nootropic supplements and cognitive enhancement research, uridine 5′-monophosphate is frequently utilized because of its function in neurotransmitter production and brain health.

المصادر المشتركة

Uridine-5-monophosphate (UMP)  powder is a pyrimidine nucleotide widely used in pharmaceuticals, nutritional supplements, and biochemical research. While it is most commonly produced via fermentation (biosynthesis) in industrial settings, chemoenzymatic and fully synthetic chemical methods are also used when high purity or specific research-grade materials are needed. The type of synthesis pathway determines the raw materials involved.

In the widely used fermentation method, the raw materials typically include:

• Glucose or other carbon sources (e.g., corn syrup), serving as the primary energy and carbon supply for microbial growth;
• Nitrogen sources (such as ammonium chloride or urea), which provide the nitrogen atoms necessary for pyrimidine ring biosynthesis;
• Phosphate salts, used to supply the phosphate group required for nucleotide formation;
• Trace elements and enzymatic cofactors (like magnesium or zinc), essential for enzymatic reactions involved in pyrimidine metabolism.

Microbial strains—commonly Saccharomyces cerevisiae or genetically engineered E. coli—convert these substrates through their natural pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways, first producing uridine, which is then phosphorylated to form UMP.

In chemoenzymatic synthesis, the key raw materials include:

• Uracil (CAS 66-22-8), the pyrimidine base;
• D-ribose-1-phosphate or other activated ribose donors (such as PRPP);
• Phosphate buffer systems to maintain reaction pH and provide phosphate groups;
• Nucleoside phosphorylase enzymes like uridine phosphorylase (UPase), which catalyze the formation of uridine and subsequently UMP.

In rare fully chemical synthesis routes, UMP is built using:

• Uracil derivatives (for nucleobase structure);
• Activated ribose compounds (e.g., trichloroacetyl ribose);
• Protecting group reagents (to control regioselectivity);
• Phosphorylating agents (like phosphorus oxychloride) to create the phosphate ester bond.

These chemical synthesis processes are complex and labor-intensive, usually limited to lab-scale production due to cost and technical challenges.

Foods rich in uridine

• Organ Meats: The liver and pancreas are rich in uridine content.
• Brewer’s Yeast: A natural source of UMP used in supplements.
• Fish & Seafood: Sardines and salmon contain moderate amounts of uridine.
• Vegetables: Broccoli and tomatoes provide small but beneficial levels of UMP.
• Dairy Products: Milk and yogurt contribute to dietary uridine intake.

What Does Uridine 5′-Monophosphate Do?

Uridine 5 monophosphate functions as a critical nucleotide with diverse physiological roles in cellular metabolism and neurological function. When administered orally, uridine-5-monophosphate undergoes partial hydrolysis in the intestinal tract to uridine by intestinal alkaline phosphatases before absorption. Once in circulation, 5 uridine monophosphate crosses the blood-brain barrier via specialized nucleoside transporters, subsequently undergoing phosphorylation to uridine triphosphate (UTP) in neurons and glial cells.

UTP derived from uridine 5′-monophosphate serves as a substrate for RNA synthesis and participates in the Kennedy pathway, where it contributes to phosphatidylcholine synthesis—a major component of neuronal membranes. Additionally, uridine 5 monophosphate acts as a CDP-choline precursor, enhancing synaptic membrane formation and dendritic spine growth.

In the central nervous system, uridine-5-monophosphate modulates purinergic signaling by serving as a precursor to UTP, which activates P2Y receptors on neurons and glial cells, influencing neurotransmission and neuroplasticity. 5 uridine monophosphate also enhances mitochondrial function by promoting pyrimidine synthesis, facilitating electron transport chain activity, and improving ATP production.

Furthermore, UMP supports dopaminergic neurotransmission through multiple mechanisms, including modulation of dopamine release and receptor sensitivity. The compound’s neuroprotective effects stem from enhancing phospholipid synthesis, supporting mitochondrial function, and reducing excitotoxicity, making uridine 5 monophosphate particularly valuable for supporting cognitive function and neuroplasticity.

How to Produce Uridine 5′-Monophosphate Powder?

1. Initial Raw Material Processing: The production of uridine 5 monophosphate begins with selecting high-quality uridine and phosphoric acid derivatives as fundamental precursors. These raw materials undergo rigorous quality testing including spectroscopic analysis and chromatographic purity verification. Pure uridine must meet strict specifications before entering the production stream to ensure optimal quality in the final uridine-5-monophosphate product.
2. Primary Synthesis: The crucial synthesis phase phosphorylates uridine under carefully controlled conditions. Manufacturing high-quality 5 uridine monophosphate requires precise monitoring of temperature, pH, enzyme activity or chemical catalysts, and reaction time to ensure proper phosphorylation at the 5′ position. These parameters significantly influence the stereochemical integrity and purity of the final UMP product.
3. Reaction Optimization: The premium uridine 5 monophosphate development depends heavily on the reaction optimization phase. This step involves meticulously controlled reaction conditions, including buffer composition, catalyst concentration, and kinetic parameters, to achieve optimal conversion rates while minimizing side-product formation. The process significantly influences the final product’s chemical purity and biological activity.
4. Purification: The synthesized uridine-5-monophosphate undergoes multiple purification steps, including ion exchange chromatography, selective precipitation, and filtration processes. These steps ensure the removal of unreacted starting materials, catalysts, and isomeric impurities while maintaining the desired nucleotide structure. Careful control of purification conditions helps achieve the optimal 5 uridine monophosphate form with minimum contamination.
5. Final Processing: The final stages involve precise crystallization and drying operations to achieve target specifications for the UMP product. This phase requires careful pH, temperature, and solvent composition control to maintain proper crystal structure while minimizing degradation or isomerization. The resulting uridine 5 monophosphate must have consistent physical properties including solubility and stability suitable for various applications.
6. Quality Control: Quality assurance throughout production involves comprehensive testing at multiple stages. This includes HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis for purity verification, NMR spectroscopy for structural confirmation, and optical rotation measurement. Additional testing monitors residual solvents, heavy metal content, microbial limits, and endotoxin levels. The final uridine-5-monophosphate product undergoes stability testing to ensure quality throughout its intended shelf life under various storage conditions.

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