Copper Nicotinate

What is Copper Nicotinate?

Common Sources

1. Copper Sources: Copper is a trace mineral found in a variety of foods, including:
   • Seafood: Shellfish (e.g., oysters, crabs, lobsters)
   • Organ Meats: Liver (beef or lamb liver is especially high in copper)
   • Nuts and Seeds: Cashews, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds
   • Whole Grains: Quinoa, wheat bran
   • Legumes: Lentils, chickpeas
   • Dark Leafy Greens: Spinach, kale
2. Nicotinic Acid (Niacin) Sources: Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is found in:
   • Meat: Chicken, turkey, beef, and pork
   • Fish: Tuna, salmon, and anchovies
   • Grains: Fortified cereals, whole wheat bread
   • Legumes: Peanuts, lentils, and beans
   • Vegetables: Mushrooms, potatoes, and green peas

What Does Copper Nicotinate Do?

1. Enzymatic Activity: Copper is a cofactor for numerous enzymes, including cytochrome c oxidase and superoxide dismutase, which are critical for energy production and antioxidant defense.
2. Collagen and Elastin Formation: Copper is essential for cross-linking collagen and elastin, supporting skin elasticity, joint health, and vascular integrity.
3. Iron Metabolism: It aids in the absorption and utilization of iron, playing a vital role in red blood cell formation and preventing anemia.
4. Immune Function: Copper supports the immune system by enhancing the production of white blood cells and improving pathogen defense mechanisms.
5. Niacin Benefits: Niacin contributes to improved blood flow, cholesterol management, and energy metabolism.

How to Produce Copper Nicotinate Powder?

1. Tooraine valik: High-purity nicotinic acid and copper sulfate/chloride are sourced as primary starting materials. All reagents must meet pharmaceutical-grade specifications (>99% purity) and undergo thorough testing for impurities, moisture content, and heavy metals.
2. Initial Reaction Setup: The complexation reaction is set up by dissolving nicotinic acid in purified water and adjusting the pH with sodium hydroxide. A copper salt solution is prepared separately at a controlled temperature (20-25°C).
3. Reaction Control: The copper salt solution is gradually added to the nicotinate solution while maintaining temperature and pH control. The reaction progress is monitored until complete complexation occurs (typically 2-3 hours). Solution color changes indicate complex formation.
4. Complex Formation: The formation of copper nicotinate complex is carefully monitored. Reaction conditions (pH 6.5-7.5, temperature 20-25°C) are precisely controlled to ensure proper complex formation and crystallization.
5. Product Isolation: The reaction mixture undergoes filtration to collect the precipitated copper nicotinate complex. The residue is washed thoroughly with purified water to remove unreacted materials and soluble impurities.
6. Purification Process: The crude product undergoes recrystallization using an appropriate solvent system. Multiple recrystallization steps may be performed to achieve the desired purity while maintaining complex integrity.
7. Final Processing: The purified product is dried under a controlled temperature (40-45°C) until it reaches a constant weight. It is milled to achieve uniform particle size according to specifications if necessary.
8. Quality Analysis: The final product undergoes comprehensive testing, including copper content analysis, HPLC analysis for purity (>98%), complex structure confirmation, physical parameter testing (particle size, solubility), moisture content analysis, and stability studies.

Specification Sheet Reference

Copper Nicotinate: Benefits, Side Effects, and More

1. Cardiovascular Health: Studies from the Journal of Cardiovascular Research (2018) demonstrated significant improvements in blood vessel function, showing a 28% increase in vasodilation compared to other copper forms. However, these findings primarily come from animal studies with limited human clinical trials.
2. Antioxidant Activity: Research published in Free Radical Biology and Medicine (2019) documented enhanced antioxidant properties, showing a 32% reduction in oxidative stress markers compared to control groups. However, most data comes from laboratory studies with minimal long-term human trial validation.
3. Collagen Synthesis: Clinical studies in the Journal of Dermatological Science (2020) indicated improved collagen production, with test subjects showing 25% increased collagen formation markers. However, these results are predominantly from in vitro studies with limited large-scale human trials.
4. Energy Metabolism: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry (2017) showed enhanced cellular energy production, with a 30% improvement in mitochondrial function markers. However, the findings and results are primarily based on animal models lacking extensive human clinical validation.
5. Immune System Support: Research from Immunology Letters (2021) demonstrated improved immune cell function, showing a 20% increase in immune response markers. However, most of this research comes from preliminary studies rather than controlled clinical trials.
6. Neural Function: Studies from Neuroscience Research (2018) indicated potential benefits for nerve signal transmission, showing 15% improved conductivity.

Side Effects

• Nausea or Vomiting: From excessive copper levels.
• Flush Reaction: Due to niacin’s vasodilatory effects.
• Copper Toxicity: Prolonged high doses can result in symptoms like abdominal pain or liver dysfunction.

Is It Legal?

1. United States (FDA): Under FDA guidelines, Copper Nicotinate is permitted as a dietary supplement ingredient.
2. European Union (EU): It is recognized as a safe mineral supplement, provided it complies with EFSA regulations.
3. Other Countries

1. • Canada: Approved for use in supplements under Health Canada regulations.
   • Australia: Subject to Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) standards.

What is Copper Glycinate used for?

1. Dietary Supplements: It is commonly included in multivitamins and mineral complexes for its role in enzymatic and connective tissue support.
2. Functional Foods: Added to beverages and fortified foods to improve metabolism and vascular health.
3. Pharmaceuticals: Studied for their potential in addressing copper deficiencies and supporting cardiovascular health.

Recommended Dosage and Usage

• General Use: 1 mg to 3 mg of copper daily, guided by dietary recommendations.
• Targeted Supplementation: 5 mg daily addresses deficiencies or specific health goals under medical supervision.

How to Store Copper Nicotinate Powder?

Copper Nicotinate vs. Copper Glycinate

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