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What Is Usnic Acid?
Usnic acid (CAS No. 504-63-2) is a natural organic compound primarily found in lichens, especially in species of the genus Usnea. Its molecular formula is C18H16O7, with a molecular weight of approximately 344.32 g/mol. Usnic acid typically appears as a yellow or orange-yellow powder with a strong bitter taste and some pharmacological activity. In terms of physical properties, usnic acid is a polar compound that dissolves in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and chloroform, but has low solubility in water. It exhibits strong absorption under ultraviolet light and is photosensitive. It also decomposes easily at high temperatures. Due to its natural origin and unique chemical structure, usnic acid has been widely studied for its antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory biological activities.Common Sources
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring compound with a unique chemical structure, primarily sourced from lichens, which are symbiotic organisms consisting of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. It is not commonly found in plants or animals, but it is notably abundant in several lichen species.- Chemical Source
- Plant Source
- Food Source
What Does Usnic Acid Work?
The primary function of this acid involves targeted disruption of microbial energy systems. The compound effectively halts energy generation in harmful microorganisms by interfering with ATP production pathways, specifically through the interruption of proton transfer in cellular membranes. This mechanism prevents bacterial and fungal growth through a controlled energy depletion process that maintains selectivity for microbial cells. The compound also provides cellular protection through its antioxidant capabilities. Its molecular structure allows it to neutralize harmful free radicals while enhancing the body’s natural defense systems against oxidative damage. This dual-action approach – combining antimicrobial activity with protective effects – establishes this ingredient as an effective compound for applications requiring both pathogen control and cellular protection.How to Produce Usnic Acid Powder?
- Harvesting and Preparation: Lichen species rich in this compound are harvested, dried, and ground into a fine powder.
- Ekstraheerimine: Solvent-based extraction often uses ethanol to isolate the compound from the lichen material.
- Puhastamine: Techniques like chromatography ensure high purity, achieving pharmaceutical and cosmetic-grade quality.
- Drying and Milling: The purified extract is dried and milled into a consistent fine powder for various applications.
Specifications Sheet Reference
| Specification | Details |
| Tüüp | Supplement ingredient |
| Välimus | Yellowish crystalline powder |
| Puhtus | ≥98% |
| Lahustuvus | Soluble in ethanol, acetone; slightly soluble in water |
| Sertifikaadid | ISO available. Please contact our sales team for more information. |
| Katsemeetodid | HPLC, UV-Vis, etc. |
| MOQs | 25kg |
| Sample Availability | Saadaval (10-20g/kott) |
| OEM teenus | Available (capsules, tablets) |
| ODM teenus | Saadaval |
| Eramärgis | Saadaval |
| Lepinguline tootmine | Saadaval |
Usnic Acid: Benefits, Side Effects, and More
- Antimicrobial Activity Studies have demonstrated significant antibacterial properties, particularly against gram-positive bacteria. Research has shown that usnic acid effectively inhibits various strains, including Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. In one notable study, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were found to be as low as 2-16 μg/mL against certain bacterial strains.
- Antioxidant Properties Laboratory studies have confirmed usnic acid’s antioxidant capabilities. Research has shown it can neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in cellular systems. One study demonstrated that usnic acid at concentrations of 10-50 μM significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured cells.
- Anti-inflammatory Effects Several studies have documented usnic acid’s anti-inflammatory properties. Research indicates it works by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators. One experiment showed a reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 production by up to 60% at concentrations of 25 μM.
- Anticancer Potential Recent research has explored usnic acid’s effects on various cancer cell lines. Studies have shown:
- Growth inhibition of certain cancer cell lines at concentrations of 5-20 μM
- Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells while showing less toxicity to normal cells
- Potential synergistic effects when combined with conventional chemotherapy agents
- Wound Healing Properties Research has indicated potential benefits for wound healing applications. Studies have shown that topical preparations containing usnic acid can:
- Promote faster wound closure
- Reduce inflammation at wound sites
- Support tissue regeneration
Side Effects
Research has identified potential hepatotoxicity at certain doses. Some studies have reported liver-related adverse effects, particularly when usnic acid is used in high concentrations or for extended periods. The therapeutic window appears to be relatively narrow, necessitating careful dosing.- Liver Toxicity: High doses may lead to hepatic stress, necessitating cautious use.
- Gastrointestinal Upset: Nausea and discomfort have been reported in some cases.
Is it Legal?
- United States: The FDA implements a balanced oversight approach for this compound, authorizing its incorporation in dietary formulations while maintaining strict controls over weight management applications to ensure public safety.
- European Union: Under coordinated EMA and EFSA supervision, the ingredient maintains approved status for both cosmetic and nutritional applications, subject to stringent safety protocols and quality documentation.
- Japan: MHLW employs a stratified regulatory approach, providing comprehensive approval for cosmetic applications while implementing enhanced monitoring of supplement formulations through specific quality parameters.
- Australia: The TGA governs the compound’s use through structured ARTG guidelines, requiring manufacturers to validate compliance with established safety measures and demonstrate consistent quality standards.
What is usnic acid used for?
Modern research has led to the development of various applications, including:
- Topical antimicrobial preparations
- Wound dressing materials
- Preservation systems in cosmetic products
Emerging Research Areas: Ongoing studies are investigating:
- Novel drug delivery systems to improve safety and efficacy
- Potential applications in sustainable agriculture
- Development of new antimicrobial formulations
Recommended Dosage and Usage
- Toidulisandid: 100-300 mg/day, depending on formulation.
- Topical Rakendused: 0.5%-1% concentration in cosmetic products.
How to store usnic acid powder?
Store the compound in airtight containers under refrigerated conditions (2-8°C/35.6-46.4°F), protected from light, moisture, and temperature changes. These storage conditions are essential for maintaining the active ingredients’ stability and therapeutic effectiveness over time.Usnic Acid VS DNP
Usnic acid and DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenol) demonstrate fundamentally different approaches to metabolic modulation. The acid compound exhibits controlled antimicrobial and antioxidant properties through specific cellular pathways, making it suitable for various commercial applications, including supplements, skincare products, and preservatives. Its production costs remain manageable through established extraction methods, while its stability allows for diverse formulation options. The compound’s regulatory approval across significant markets and documented safety profile support its commercial viability. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP or simply DNP) shows more aggressive metabolic effects through unrestricted cellular energy disruption, limiting its practical applications due to safety concerns. While potentially more cost-effective to synthesize, DNP’s regulatory restrictions and safety issues prevent its legitimate use in commercial products. Despite its potent metabolic effects, the compound lacks approval for human consumption across all major markets, making it unsuitable for supplement or pharmaceutical development. Usnic acid clearly emerges as the superior choice for commercial applications, offering documented safety, regulatory compliance, and versatile formulation options that support legitimate product development across multiple industries. In contrast, DNP’s hazardous nature and regulatory restrictions eliminate it from consideration in legitimate supplement or pharmaceutical applications.| Feature | Usnic Acid | DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenol) |
| CASi number | 7562-61-0 | 51-28-5 |
| Molekulaarne valem | C18H16O7 | C6H4N2O5 |
| Molekulmass | 344.32 g/mol | 184.11 g/mol |
| Primary Sources | Lichens | Synthetic compound |
| Primary Uses | Antimicrobial, antioxidant | Weight loss (highly unsafe) |
| Bioavailability | Medium | High |
Kokkuvõte
Usnic acid demonstrates significant value as a natural bioactive compound through its proven effectiveness in antimicrobial control and cellular protection. The compound’s established safety profile, regulatory acceptance, and efficient production methods support its use across multiple industries, from skincare products to veterinary applications. Its comprehensive benefits, stable formulation characteristics, and cost-effective manufacturing processes, combined with documented therapeutic effects, position it as an important ingredient for current commercial applications and future product development.Why Choose Nutri Avenue Supplier to Buy Usnic Acid Powder?
Nutri Avenue offers unmatched quality and reliability for Usnic Acid Powder, designed to meet your exact needs. Produced in ISO-certified and GMP-compliant facilities, each batch undergoes thorough third-party testing to ensure consistent purity and potency that aligns with industry standards. Our bulk pricing offers a cost-effective solution, helping you manage expenses without compromising quality. With five USA-based warehouses, we ensure fast and efficient shipping for your operations running smoothly. For custom needs, our OEM/ODM services allow you to design formulations that align perfectly with your brand. Trust Nutri Avenue for dependable ingredients and expert guidance to support your growth. Contact us today to explore our usnic acid offerings and elevate your product line with Nutri Avenue! * ISO certificates are readily available for all of Nutri Avenue’s products.Frequently Asked Questions
What is it commonly used for?
This acid is widely used in dietary supplements, skincare, and as a natural antimicrobial agent.
Can it aid in weight management?
While it has metabolic-enhancing properties, its use requires caution to avoid potential side effects.
What is the solubility of this ingredient?
It is soluble in ethanol and acetone but has limited water solubility.
Is it suitable for pets?
Yes, it can support pet health in controlled doses. It is particularly suitable for coat and skin conditions.
Are there regulations for this compound in cosmetics?
Yes, regions like the EU and Japan have specific guidelines for its use in cosmetics.
What makes this ingredient a good preservative?
Its antimicrobial properties inhibit bacterial and fungal growth, extending product shelf life.
Can it be used in food products?
It is primarily utilized in functional foods as a preservative and health-supportive ingredient.
