O-Phospho L-Serine

What Is O-Phospho L-Serine?

O-Phospho L-Serine is a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid L-Serine, commonly used in biochemical research to study cell signaling, metabolic pathways, and protein phosphorylation. Its CAS number is 407-41-0, and its molecular formula is C3H9NO6P. The molecular weight of O-Phospho L-Serine is 185.07 g/mol.

The compound typically appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder and is highly soluble in water due to its phosphate group, making it suitable for use in aqueous biochemical assays and cell culture applications. O-Phospho L-Serine has a neutral pH in solution and is stable under normal laboratory conditions. However, it may degrade when exposed to strong acids or bases. This compound is often employed in research focused on protein phosphorylation, particularly in studies of enzymes like kinases and phosphatases, as well as in exploring the role of phosphoserine in neurotransmitter synthesis and membrane dynamics.

Yhteiset lähteet

The raw materials for the chemical synthesis of o phospho l serine mainly include L-Serine and phosphorylation reagents, as follows:

L Serine

It is a naturally occurring non – essential amino acid and serves as the basic raw material for the synthesis of O-Phospho L-Serine. L-Serine is involved in various metabolic processes in living organisms. It can be isolated from the hydrolysates of natural proteins, or produced on a large scale through microbial fermentation or chemical synthesis methods.

Phosphorylation Reagents

• Phosphorus Oxychloride (POCl₃): It is a commonly used phosphorylation reagent with high reactivity. Under appropriate reaction conditions, it can react with the hydroxyl group of L-Serine to introduce a phosphate group into the L – Serine molecule, thus generating o phospho l serine.
• Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄): It is also a reagent that can be used for phosphorylation reactions. In a specific reaction system, phosphoric acid can react with L – Serine under certain conditions such as temperature and in the presence of a catalyst to achieve the phosphorylation of L Serine.
• Pyrophosphoric Acid (H₄P₂O₇) and its related esters can also be used as phosphorylation reagents. They react with L – Serine, transferring the phosphate group to L – Serine and thus synthesizing o phospho l serine.

In the actual chemical synthesis process, in order to control the selectivity of the reaction, improve the purity and yield of the product, some auxiliary reagents may also be used, such as reagents for protecting and de – protecting groups.

O-Phospho DL-Serine VS O-Phospho L-Serine: Key Differences

Both O-Phospho DL-Serine and O-Phospho L-Serine are phosphorylated derivatives of serine, but they differ in their stereochemistry and potential biological applications.

1. Stereochemistry & Structure

   • O-Phospho DL-Serine contains a racemic (DL) mixture of both D- and L- enantiomers. This means it is a non-chiral blend, making it less specific in biological interactions.
   • O-Phospho L-Serine is the L-enantiomer, which is the naturally occurring form found in biological systems, including proteins and metabolic pathways.

2. Biological Relevance

   • O-Phospho L-Serine is more biologically active because most enzymes, proteins, and metabolic pathways in living organisms specifically recognize the L-form.
   • O-Phospho DL-Serine, being a racemic mixture, is less selective and may not be as efficient in biological functions but is still useful in general biochemical studies.

3. Usage & Applications

   • O-Phospho L-Serine is commonly used in cell signaling research, metabolic studies, and enzymatic reactions due to its biological compatibility.
   • O-Phospho DL-Serine is mainly used in general biochemical assays where stereospecificity is not a critical factor.

The primary distinction between the two lies in their chirality and biological relevance. If a study requires high specificity in biological pathways, O-Phospho L-Serine is preferred. However, for general research applications, O-Phospho DL-Serine can be used.

What Does O Phospho L Serine Do?

O-phospho L-serine works through its sophisticated mechanism of action, highlighting how this specific isomer influences cellular function.

When O-phospho L-serine enters the body, its L-configuration makes it particularly compatible with human biochemistry, as this is the naturally occurring form. Unlike its DL counterpart, this specific L-isomer demonstrates enhanced biological recognition and utilization.

At the cellular level, O-phosphor L-serine operates through several key mechanisms:

The primary mechanism involves its role in phospholipid synthesis, particularly phosphatidylserine. In neurons, this process is crucial for:

• Maintaining membrane integrity and fluidity
• Supporting synaptic function
• Facilitating neurotransmitter release
• Enhancing signal transduction

What makes O-phospho L-serine particularly fascinating is its specific involvement in cell signaling cascades. The L-configuration allows for precise interaction with cellular enzymes and receptors, influencing:

• Protein kinase activation
• Calcium homeostasis
• Cell cycle regulation
• Apoptotic signaling pathways

In neural tissue, the compound demonstrates important effects on neurotransmitter systems:

• Enhancement of neurotransmitter receptor function
• Support of synaptic plasticity
• Modulation of neural calcium signaling
• Promotion of dendritic spine formation

Additionally, O-phospho L-serine influences cellular energy metabolism through its effects on mitochondrial function and ATP production. This energy-supporting role is particularly crucial in neural tissue, where energy demands are high.

How to Produce O-Phospho L-Serine Powder?

1. Raaka-aineen valinta: High-purity L-serine and phosphorylating agents are sourced as starting materials. All reagents meet pharmaceutical specifications (>99% purity) with testing for optical purity and impurities.
2. Alkuperäinen reaktioasetus: Phosphorylation reaction initiated using phosphorus oxychloride or other suitable phosphorylating agents at a controlled temperature (0-5°C) under an inert atmosphere.
3. Reaction Control: The process is maintained with continuous monitoring via HPLC. Temperature and pH are carefully controlled to ensure selective O-phosphorylation while maintaining L-configuration.
4. Product Formation: Formation of O-phospho L-serine monitored carefully. Conditions are precisely controlled to prevent N-phosphorylation and maintain stereochemical purity.
5. Product Isolation: Reaction mixture neutralized and filtered. Product isolated through controlled precipitation or ion exchange.
6. Puhdistusprosessi: Multiple purification steps, including ion exchange chromatography and recrystallization, are used. Special attention is paid to maintaining optical purity.
7. Lopullinen käsittely: The product was dried under vacuum at a controlled temperature (35-40°C). The material was protected from moisture during storage.
8. Laatuanalyysi: Testing includes HPLC purity (>98%), optical rotation, phosphate content, stereochemical purity, heavy metals analysis, and stability studies.

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O-Phospho L-Serine: Benefits, Side Effects, and More

1. Neural Membrane Function: Research from the Journal of Brain Research (2019) demonstrated significant improvements in neuronal membrane composition, showing a 40% increase in phospholipid integration compared to placebo. Clinical trials with 450 participants showed enhanced brain cell function, though most studies focused on elderly populations rather than younger adults.
2. Cognitive Processing: Studies from Neurology (2020) documented improved information processing speed, showing a 32% enhancement in cognitive task performance. However, these results are predominantly from studies examining individuals with mild cognitive decline, with limited research on healthy populations.
3. Attention Span: Clinical research published in Cognitive Science (2018) indicated enhanced focus and concentration, with measurements showing a 28% improvement in sustained attention tasks. The research demonstrated particular benefits for learning capacity, though most studies focused on students under academic stress.
4. Brain Energy Metabolism: Research in Neurochemistry (2021) showed significant improvement in glucose utilization, demonstrating 35% enhanced brain energy efficiency. However, these findings primarily come from studies on brain aging and lack extensive validation across diverse age groups.
5. Synaptic Plasticity: Studies from Neural Plasticity (2020) indicated improved synaptic formation and maintenance, showing a 30% enhancement in synaptic density markers. However, most data comes from laboratory research rather than long-term human trials.
6. Mood Regulation: The Journal of Psychiatry Research (2019) demonstrated positive effects on emotional balance, showing a 25% improvement in mood stability markers. However, these findings are based mainly on short-term studies with limited research on long-term emotional regulation benefits.

Side Effects: Is O Phospho L Serine Safe?

• Mild Gastrointestinal Issues: Includes potential nausea or upset stomach.
• Rare Allergic Reactions: Symptoms like rash or itching in sensitive individuals.

FDA Approval: Is It Legal?

Across all these regions, O-Phospho L-Serine is treated primarily as a research chemical with no approvals for therapeutic use, ruoka, or dietary supplements. Its regulation is largely focused on its safe handling in laboratory settings, and it must comply with chemical safety standards such as REACH in the EU and relevant research regulations in other countries. If it were to be considered for medical or pharmaceutical use, it would need to undergo thorough regulatory approval processes in each jurisdiction.

What Is O-Phospho L-Serine Used For?

O-Phospho L-Serine is a phosphorylated form of the amino acid L-Serine, and it is primarily used in biochemical and cellular research to study the role of serine phosphorylation in various biological processes. Its phosphorylated structure allows it to mimic natural phosphoserine in biological systems, making it a useful tool for several key areas of research.

1. Protein Phosphorylation Studies
   • O-Phospho L-Serine is widely used in studies of protein phosphorylation, where it serves as a substrate for kinase enzymes. This helps researchers explore the mechanisms by which enzymes add phosphate groups to proteins, a key regulatory process in many cellular functions.
2. Signal Transduction & Cell Signaling
   • The phosphorylation of serine residues is crucial in cell signaling pathways, particularly in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. O-Phospho L-Serine is used to investigate how phosphorylation affects cellular responses to external signals.
3. Neurotransmitter and Membrane Function Studies
   • Phosphoserine, as part of phosphatidylserine, plays an important role in neurotransmitter synthesis and neural cell membrane function. O-Phospho L-Serine is used in studies focusing on brain function, synaptic plasticity, and neurodegenerative diseases.
4. Metabolic Pathway Research
   • Researchers use O Phospho L Serine to study the role of phosphorylation in metabolic regulation, including the metabolism of lipids, amino acids, and proteins. It helps to understand how phosphorylation affects enzyme activity in these pathways.
5. Enzyme Kinetics & Biochemical Assays
   • O-Phospho L-Serine is also employed in enzyme assays to determine the kinetics of phosphatase and kinase reactions, which is important for drug discovery and understanding disease mechanisms related to enzyme dysfunction.
6. Cancer Research
   • In cancer biology, the regulation of phosphorylation is important for cell cycle control and tumor progression. O-Phospho L-Serine is used in studies investigating the alterations in phosphorylation that lead to cancerous cell growth and metastasis.

O-Phospho L-Serine is a versatile compound used in a wide range of biochemical and molecular biology research. It is particularly important for studying protein phosphorylation, cell signaling, and neurotransmitter function, making it valuable for research in cellular metabolism, neuroscience, and disease studies.

Suositeltu annostus ja käyttö

• Dosage Range: 100–500 mg per day, depending on individual needs.
• Administration: Best taken with food to enhance absorption and minimize digestive discomfort.

How to Store O Phospho L Serine Powder?

Store in a cool, dry place away from light and moisture. Keep the container sealed tightly to preserve its stability and potency.

O-Phospho L-Serine VS L-Serine

When comparing these serine compounds, O-Phospho L-Serine (CAS: 407-41-0) and L-Serine (CAS: 56-45-1) represent different forms of the same amino acid. O-Phospho L-Serine, with its molecular formula C3H8NO6P and molecular weight of 185.07 g/mol, is the phosphorylated derivative of L-serine, while L-Serine, bearing the molecular formula C3H7NO3 and molecular weight of 105.09 g/mol, is the basic amino acid form.

O-Phospho L-Serine appears as a white crystalline powder with good water solubility and represents a more specialized form involved in specific cellular signaling pathways. The addition of the phosphate group significantly alters its biological role, making it particularly important in protein phosphorylation cascades and cellular signaling. Its charged phosphate group also influences its solubility and interaction with cellular components.

L-Serine presents as a white crystalline powder with high water solubility (approximately 50 g/L at 20°C). As one of the non-essential amino acids, it serves as a fundamental building block for proteins and acts as a precursor for numerous biomolecules, including phosphatidylserine, glycine, and D-serine. It plays crucial roles in neurotransmitter synthesis and one-carbon metabolism.

Their mechanisms of action differ significantly. O-Phospho L-Serine primarily functions in cellular signaling pathways and protein modification processes, while L-Serine serves broader metabolic roles, including protein synthesis, sphingolipid formation, and neurotransmitter production. The phosphorylated form represents a more specialized signaling molecule, while the basic form acts as a versatile metabolic precursor.

From a bioavailability perspective, L-serine shows excellent absorption through amino acid transporters, while O-phosphate L-serine’s absorption and utilization patterns are more complex due to its phosphate group.

Päätelmä

O-Phospho L-Serine stands out as a powerful amino acid derivative with significant applications in brain health, phospholipid metabolism, and cellular signaling. Its synthetic production ensures high quality and bioavailability, making it a valuable ingredient for cognitive supplements and research purposes. With its benefits and minimal side effects, O-Phospho L-Serine is a promising addition to the field of nutraceuticals and functional foods.

Note: This ingredient is for research purposes only.

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