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What Is Apigenin?
Apigenin (CAS No.: 520-36-5) is a natural flavonoid compound with a molecular formula of C₁₅H₁₀O₅ and a molecular weight of 270.24 g/mol. It appears as a yellow crystalline powder and is mainly found in celery, parsley, and chamomile plants.
This ingredient has significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, and neuroprotective effects. It has low solubility and is difficult to dissolve in water but has good solubility in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform. Due to its multiple potential health benefits, apigenin has attracted increasing scientific research interest.
Sources from
Apigenin is widely found in many plants, especially in some common vegetables, herbs, and fruits.
Celery is a typical source of apigenin, especially in leaves. Parsley (cilantro), especially the leaves, has a higher content. Onions, especially red onions, asparagus, etc., are all vegetable sources.
Among fruits, grapefruit, especially grapefruit peel, is rich in this active ingredient. Oranges, cherries, and apples are also in small amounts.
Chamomile tea has a relatively high content. Therefore, chamomile extracts often contain apigenin. Rosemary and thyme are widely used in condiments and also contain a certain amount of this substance.
Other sources, such as hops, one of the raw materials for brewing beer, also contain this substance.
How To Extract Apigenin Powder From Chamomile?
Extracting apigenin from chamomile involves multiple steps, usually using chemical and physical methods such as solvent extraction, separation, and purification. The following is a common manufacturing process for extracting and purifying its powder.
Chamomile drying. First, the chamomile flowers are dried to avoid moisture, affecting the extraction efficiency. Drying can be done by natural air drying or low-temperature drying.
Crushing. The dried chamomile flowers are crushed into a finer powder to increase the surface area for extraction.
Select a suitable solvent. Solvents commonly include ethanol, methanol, acetone, water, or a mixture. Ethanol is a more commonly used solvent because it has good solubility for flavonoids and is safe for the human body.
Solvent extraction. Chamomile powder is mixed with a solvent in a certain proportion and stirred at a suitable temperature for several hours, usually at room temperature to 50°C, to promote the dissolution of apigenin and other components. The extraction time may last several hours, depending on the extraction efficiency.
Filtration. After extraction, the mixture is filtered through a filter cloth or centrifugal equipment to separate the solid residue and obtain a crude extract containing apigenin.
Concentration. The solvent in the extract is evaporated using a rotary or vacuum evaporator to obtain a concentrated extract. The concentration step can be performed at low temperatures to prevent thermal degradation of the active ingredient.
Liquid-liquid extraction. The concentrated extract is dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as ethyl acetate or chloroform, and then subjected to liquid-liquid extraction to further remove impurities.
Column chromatography. Column chromatography is usually used for purification. Silica or other suitable fillers are used as the stationary phase, and different solvent systems are used as the mobile phase to separate apigenin from other compounds in the extract.
Evaporation. The purified component solution is then passed through a rotary evaporator or vacuum drying device to completely evaporate the solvent.
Crystallization. Apigenin powder is usually precipitated in crystals to form a pure yellow crystalline powder.
HPLC usually analyzes the purity of the extracted product to ensure that it meets the requirements.
*Apigenin extracted from different sources may have different powder colors, such as white, light green, etc. For specific product details, please consult our sales team.
Specification sheet reference
- Apigenin powder 95%, 99%, etc.
Type | Flavonoids |
Appearance | Light yellow crystalline powder |
Content | ≥95% |
Purity | ≥98% |
Particle Size | 100-200 μm |
Certifications | Please contact our sales team to get |
Solvent | Solvent-Free, Ethanol, Methanol or Ethyl Acetate |
Water Content | ≤5% |
Test Method | HPLC |
MOQ (minimum order quantity) | 1kg |
Sample | Available (10-20g/bag) |
OEM Service | Available, such as capsules, tablets, pills, etc. |
ODM Service | Available |
Private Label | Available |
Contract Manufacturing | Available |
What Does Apigenin Do?
It possesses antioxidant properties that safeguard cells against damage caused by free radicals. Moreover, it demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties, thereby aiding in the reduction of inflammation.
One area of interest regarding the powder is its potential impact on brain health. It may have neuroprotective properties, helping to safeguard brain cells from oxidative stress and potentially reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. It has also been studied for its ability to modulate neurotransmitters and potentially aid in managing anxiety and depression.
Furthermore, apigenin has been associated with promoting better sleep quality. It may interact with receptors in the brain that regulate sleep, promoting relaxation and achieving a restful night’s sleep.
Another area of research revolves around its potential anticancer effects. Studies have demonstrated its ability to impede cancer cell proliferation and trigger apoptosis in specific cancer variants. Further research is necessary to comprehensively comprehend this treatment’s mechanisms and potential applications in cancer therapy.
Apigenin: Benefits, Side Effects, And More
It possesses potent antioxidant properties that safeguard cells against oxidative damage triggered by free radicals. Apigenin can decrease oxidative stress and inflammation by neutralizing free radicals.
This flavonoid exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory enzymes and reducing inflammatory molecule production. The anti-inflammatory effect of this substance could offer advantages in treating arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
It has been studied for its potential neuroprotective properties. It has been found to help protect neurons against oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially contributing to brain health and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
This natural compound has been shown to possess anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) and soothing properties. It may help reduce anxiety and promote relaxation by interacting with neurotransmitter receptors in the brain, such as GABA receptors. It makes Apigenin a subject of interest for natural remedies to reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality.
It has been investigated for its potential anticancer effects. It has been found to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells, and interfere with various signaling pathways involved in cancer development and progression.
It has potential cardiovascular benefits by mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress and enhancing endothelial function. The plant has been researched for its ability to reduce hypertension and improve lipid profile.
Is it any side effects?
It is generally considered safe, especially when taken naturally in the diet, such as through chamomile tea. However, high doses of apigenin supplements may cause some side effects.
Common side effects include mild gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions, especially in people allergic to plants in the Asteraceae family (such as chamomile and chrysanthemum). In addition, because the substance may affect GABA receptors, excessive use may cause excessive sedation or drowsiness.
How to package and store?
Apigenin powder is usually dried and packaged in a sealed container to avoid the influence of light, moisture, and air. It should be stored in a dry and cool environment to extend its shelf life.
Is Apigenin Good For Sleep?
The relationship between apigenin and sleep has received increasing attention. Studies have shown that it has certain sedative and sleep-inducing effects, and its main mechanism may be achieved through interaction with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the brain.
It can bind to GABA-A receptors, similar to the mechanism of action of some anti-anxiety and hypnotic drugs. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter that can slow brain activity, help relax, and reduce anxiety, essential for falling asleep and staying asleep.
Through its sedative effect, apigenin may help improve the depth and continuity of sleep, reduce the number of nighttime awakenings, and thus improve overall sleep quality.
Anxiety and tension are common causes of insomnia. The anti-anxiety effect helps people fall asleep more easily by reducing excessive excitement in the brain.
Therefore, apigenin is often used as a natural sleep-aiding supplement or added to beverages to help with sleep. The potential of this track is very promising.
Dosage: How much apigenin is safe?
There is no standard for its appropriate dosage, as most studies are still experimental.
For supplement forms, studies generally use a dosage range of 50 to 100 mg per day, showing health benefits such as sedation, anti-anxiety, and anti-inflammatory.
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FAQs
Yes, it is typically considered BSE/TSE free.
Yes, this compound is derived from plants and is generally considered GMO-free.
It is not directly approved or regulated by the FDA. However, it can be used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, which must comply with FDA regulations and guidelines.
