Luteolin

What Is Luteolin?

Luteolin is a natural flavonoid compound widely found in plants and has received widespread attention for its various biological activities. Its CAS number is 491-70-3, its molecular formula is C₁₅H₁₀O₆, and its molecular weight is 286.24 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one.

Luteolin has a typical flavonoid nucleus structure, containing a C6-C3-C6 skeleton, in which multiple hydroxyl groups give it strong antioxidant capacity. It appears as light yellow needle-shaped crystals or powder. The melting point is 328 °C. Its solubility is poorly soluble in water and easily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and dichloromethane.

What foods and plants are highest in luteolin?

Foods, including vegetables and fruits, such as celery, parsley, broccoli, onion leaves, carrots, peppers, cabbages, apple skins, and chrysanthemum flowers are luteolin-rich.

In addition, it is widely found in many plants, such as celery, carrots, parsley, cabbage, rosemary, thyme, citrus fruits, etc.

Luteolin Powder: Sources from Sophora Japonica

This compound is an important flavonoid compound widely found in plants with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Sophora japonica is one of the important sources.

Sophora japonica is the dried flower buds of the leguminous plant Sophora japonica. Sophora japonica is a deciduous tree widely planted in Asia and Europe for greening and medicinal purposes. Sophora japonica contains various flavonoid compounds, among which luteolin is one of the main active ingredients, and other ingredients include rutin, sophora glycosides, etc.

How To Extract Luteolin Powder From Sophora Japonica?

Solvent extraction: Solvents such as ethanol, water, or methanol are commonly used for extraction. After the Sophora japonica is dried and crushed, it is extracted multiple times with a solvent to obtain an extract.

Column chromatography separation: The extract is separated, and luteolin is purified using column chromatography technology.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): Used to analyze and determine the content and purity.

Process improvement: In recent years, technologies such as ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extraction have been introduced to improve extraction efficiency and purity.

Specification sheet reference

Luteolin powder with the purity of 90%, 95%, 99%, etc.

Luteolin VS Quercetin VS Fisetin

Luteolin, quercetin, and fisetin are important flavonoid compoundswidely found in plants and have attracted research and application attention due to their various biological activities.

Luteolin has a flavonoid nucleus with hydroxyl modifications at positions 3, 4, 5, and 7 and contains four hydroxyl groups in the molecule. Its common sources include celery, carrots, parsley, rosemary, thyme, citrus fruits, etc.

Quercetin also has a flavonoid nucleus. There are hydroxyl groups at positions 3, 3′, 4′, 5, and 7, and the molecule contains five hydroxyl groups, one more than luteolin. Its main food sources are onions, apples, grapes, berries, green tea, cabbage, etc.

• Common characteristics of biological activity and health benefits

Antioxidant effect. Both are powerful antioxidants that can neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress damage to cells.

Anti-inflammatory effect. Both can inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators and reduce inflammatory responses.

Anti-cancer potential. Studies have shown that they can inhibit the growth and spread of certain cancer cells.
Cardiovascular protection. Both can help protect the cardiovascular system through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Unique Properties: Luteolin VS Quercetin

Luteolin has shown protective effects on neurons in neurodegenerative disease research. It also can inhibit the growth of a variety of pathogens.

Quercetin is believed to have immunomodulatory effects and can enhance immune system function. It also has anti-allergic effects, reducing allergic reactions by inhibiting histamine release.

The bioavailability of luteolin is relatively low, but absorption efficiency can be improved by co-ingestion with fat. Quercetin also has low bioavailability and is usually improved by combining it with other ingredients (such as vitamin C).

• Application areas and uses

Luteolin has research and application value in anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotection fields. It is also used in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory products.

Quercetin is used in immune enhancement, anti-allergy, and cardiovascular protection products. It is widely used in immune system support and antioxidant products.

Fisetin has the same molecular formula as luteolin. However, it has hydroxyl groups at the 3,7,3′ and 4′ positions and belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds. Its food sources include strawberries, apples, persimmons, onions, cucumbers, grapes, bananas, persimmons, and cabbage.

Unique Properties: Luteolin VS Fisetin

Fisetin is considered to have potential anti-aging effects, slowing the aging process by reducing oxidative damage to cells and promoting the survival of healthy cells. Studies have shown that cortisol may improve memory and learning ability and has potential benefits against Alzheimer’s disease. Also, it may protect diabetic patients by regulating blood sugar levels and enhancing insulin sensitivity.

Fisetin has low bioavailability and is usually metabolized quickly in the body, so research is exploring ways to increase its bioavailability.

• Application areas and Uses

It has potential applications in anti-aging, neuroprotection, and anti-cancer research. Its supplements support cognitive function and antioxidants.

All in all, Luteolin, quercetin, and fisetin are all natural compounds with health benefits and have similar biological activities in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer aspects. Still, they show different properties in specific functions such as neuroprotection, immunomodulation, and anti-allergy.

Luteolin: Benefits, Side Effects, And More

Luteolin offers several potential health benefits due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other biological properties. 

Antioxidant Activity: It functions as an antioxidant, assisting the body in neutralizing damaging free radicals. This antioxidant activity aids in the protection of cells against oxidative stress and damage produced by reactive oxygen species in the environment.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects: It has been studied for its anti-inflammatory properties. It may help inhibit the production of inflammatory molecules and enzymes, potentially reducing chronic inflammation associated with conditions such as heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Potential Cancer Prevention: It has shown promise in various studies as a cancer-preventive compound. It may assist in suppressing cancer cell proliferation, trigger apoptosis (programmed cell death), and disrupt particular signaling pathways involved in tumor formation.

Neuroprotective Effects: It has been investigated for its neuroprotective properties. It may help protect brain cells from oxidative stress, reduce inflammation in the brain, and exhibit potential benefits in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.

Cognitive Enhancement: Some research suggests that Luteolin may have cognitive-enhancing effects. It may help improve memory, learning, and overall cognitive function by modulating signaling pathways and reducing oxidative stress in the brain.

Cardiovascular Health: It may have cardiovascular benefits by reducing inflammation, protecting against oxidative damage to blood vessels, and improving blood flow. These effects may contribute to a lower risk of heart disease and improve cardiovascular health.

Anti-allergic Properties: It has been shown to possess anti-allergic properties by inhibiting inflammatory mediators and immune responses involved in allergic reactions. It may help alleviate symptoms associated with allergic conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic skin conditions.

Antimicrobial Activity: It exhibits antimicrobial activity against certain bacteria and viruses. It may help inhibit the growth and spread of harmful microorganisms, potentially contributing to immune system support and infection prevention.

Is There Any Side Effects?

Luteolin is generally considered safe and has a variety of potential health benefits. However, it is still necessary to be aware of possible side effects when using it, especially for people with certain health conditions or who are taking other medications.

• Gastrointestinal Distress

Some people may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, or nausea. If these symptoms occur, reducing the dose or discontinue use and consult a doctor is recommended.

• Allergic Reactions

Although uncommon, some people may have an allergic reaction to luteolin or supplements containing it, including rash, itching, or difficulty breathing. If allergic symptoms occur, stop use immediately and seek medical help.

• Drug Interactions

Anticoagulant Drugs: It has a certain effect and may interact with anticoagulant drugs (such as warfarin), increasing the risk of bleeding.

Drug Metabolism: It may affect the metabolism of certain drugs, especially those metabolized by the liver, and the dose may need to be adjusted.

• Pregnant and lactating women

There is currently limited knowledge about the safety in pregnant and lactating women.

• Individual differences

Each person may have a different tolerance for luteolin. Some people may have little discomfort when using it, while others may experience discomfort.

• Dosage

High doses of luteolin may increase the risk of side effects. Generally, moderate supplement use is safe.

What Is Luteolin Used For?

• Medicine: It is studied to develop new drugs due to its wide range of biological activities, especially in anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory.
• Health products: As a natural antioxidant, luteolin powder is used in dietary supplements to help maintain health.
• Cosmetics: These are used in skin care products to help reduce skin inflammation and anti-oxidation and improve skin health.

Luteolin Supplier Globally: Nutri Avenue Inc

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