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What Is Berberine?
Berberina is a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from various plants, including Berberis, Coptis chinensis (goldthread), and Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal). It is renowned for its diverse pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory effects.
- CAS Number: 2086-83-1
- Molecular Formula: C20H18NO4
- Molecular Weight: 336.36 g/mol
- Powder Color: Yellow crystalline powder
- Physical Properties:
- Solubility: Poorly soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, and soluble in acidic aqueous solutions.
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions but sensitive to prolonged exposure to light and high humidity.
What Is Berberine HCl?
Berberine Hydrochloride (Berberine HCl) is the hydrochloride salt form of berberine. It is widely used in research due to its improved water solubility and stability compared to its base form. Berberine HCl retains all the biological activities of berberine and is commonly employed in studies investigating its effects on metabolic health, cardiovascular systems, and antimicrobial properties.
- CAS Number: 633-65-8
- Molecular Formula: C20H18ClNO4
- Molecular Weight: 371.82 g/mol
- Powder Color: Bright yellow to orange-yellow powder
- Physical Properties:
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water, moderately soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in ether and chloroform.
- Melting Point: 204°C – 206°C
- Stability: More stable than berberine base; should be stored in a cool, dry, and light-protected environment to prevent degradation.
Both berberine and berberine HCl are extensively studied for their therapeutic potential, though they are primarily used for research purposes.
Common sources
Chemical Sources. Berberina is a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid with a structure that includes a quaternary ammonium ring and a polycyclic aromatic framework, which contribute to its biological activity. Industrially, berberine can be obtained either through extraction from plants or via chemical synthesis.
Botanical Sources. Berberine powder is primarily extracted from the following plants:
- Coptis chinensis (Goldthread): One of the richest natural sources of berberina.
- Phellodendron amurense (Amur Cork Tree): The bark is a significant source.
- Berberis species: Includes plants like Berberis vulgaris (barberry) and Berberis aristata.
- Hydrastis canadensis (Goldenseal): A common North American plant rich in berberina.
- Mahonia species: Includes evergreen shrubs like Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape).
In these plants, berberine is typically concentrated in the roots, bark, or stems. It is extracted using solvents and then purified for use in research or supplements.
Berberine foods sources. It is not widely found in conventional foods and is primarily obtained from medicinal plants, either in raw herbal form or as a dietary supplement. While trace amounts of berberine may exist in certain plant-based foods, they are not considered significant dietary sources. Generally, berberine is consumed as a research compound or supplement rather than through regular dietary intake.
What Does Berberine Do?
When Berberine enters the body, it undergoes a unique absorption process. The hydrochloride salt form, berberine hcl, enhances its stability and bioavailability. In the intestines, Berberine demonstrates its first mechanism of action by influencing the gut microbiota, promoting beneficial bacteria while inhibiting potentially harmful ones.
At the cellular level, Berberine’s primary mechanism involves the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), often called the body’s “metabolic master switch.” This activation occurs through several pathways:
- Direct inhibition of Complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain
- Increase in the AMP/ATP ratio
- Activation of upstream AMPK kinases
This AMPK activation leads to several crucial effects:
- Enhanced glucose uptake in cells through GLUT4 translocation
- Increased insulin sensitivity
- Reduced glucose production in the liver
- Improved fatty acid oxidation
- Enhanced mitochondrial function
What makes Berberine particularly interesting is its effect on lipid metabolism. It works by:
- Inhibiting cholesterol synthesis through the PCSK9 pathway
- Increasing LDL receptor expression on liver cells
- Enhancing fatty acid oxidation
- Reducing lipogenesis through SREBP-1c inhibition
In addition to these metabolic effects, Berberine demonstrates important anti-inflammatory mechanisms:
- Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production
- Reduction of oxidative stress through enhanced antioxidant enzyme expression
- Modulation of the gut-immune axis
- Inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway
The compound also shows fascinating effects on the cardiovascular system through:
- Improvement of endothelial function
- Modulation of nitric oxide production
- Reduction of platelet aggregation
- Protection against cardiac remodeling
How to Produce Berberine HCl Powder?
- Raw Material Selection: High-quality plant sources (typically Coptis chinensis or Berberis aristata) are sourced and authenticated, and the materials are tested for berberina content, pesticides, heavy metals, and microbial contamination.
- Initial Extraction Setup: Plant material is extracted with an ethanol/water mixture at a controlled temperature (60-65°C). The process is optimized for maximum alkaloid extraction.
- Reaction Control: Extraction maintained with continuous monitoring for 4-6 hours. Temperature and pH are carefully controlled to maximize berberine yield.
- Primary Separation: Extract filtered and concentrated under vacuum. Crude Berberine precipitated through pH adjustment.
- Salt Formation: Berberine base converted to hydrochloride salt using controlled addition of hydrochloric acid. pH is carefully monitored throughout the process.
- Purification Process: Multiple recrystallization steps are performed using appropriate solvents. Special attention is paid to removing other alkaloids and impurities.
- Final Processing: Crystals dried under vacuum at a controlled temperature (40-45°C). Product protected from light during processing and storage.
- Quality Analysis: Testing includes HPLC purity (>98%), chloride content, heavy metals analysis, loss on drying, and stability studies.
Specification Sheet Reference
| Property | Details |
| Type | Supplement ingredient |
| Appearance | Yellow crystalline powder |
| Purity | ≥ 98% (HPLC), etc. |
| CAS Number | 633-65-8 |
| Molecular Formula | C20H18NO4Cl |
| Molecular Weight | 371.82 g/mol |
| Solubility | Soluble in water, ethanol |
| Test Methods | HPLC |
| Certifications | ISO available. Please contact sales team for details. |
| MOQs | 25kg |
| Sample | Available (10-20g/bag) |
| OEM Service | Available |
| ODM Service | Available |
| Private Label | Available |
| Contract Manufacturing | Available |
Berberine: Benefits, Uses, And More
For Weight Loss
This natural ingredient lowers blood sugar levels and improves insulin sensitivity. It helps improve metabolic syndrome and reduce the accumulation of body fat.
It may help improve the structure of the intestinal flora, reduce the entry of endotoxins into the blood, and reduce chronic inflammation. It achieves the purpose of weight loss by regulating the energy balance in the organism.
Studies have shown that this natural compound can help genetically obese mice and mice eating a high-fat diet increase energy consumption and control weight gain.
It has the effect of blocking liver lipid changes and obesity caused by a high-calorie diet.
It activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that regulates the body’s energy levels, helps burn fatty acids in cells, stabilizes receptors for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and inhibits lipid production in the liver.
The active ingredient can reduce total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. At the same time, it increases high-density lipoprotein (“good” cholesterol) levels. It may reduce the risk of heart disease and indirectly support the weight loss process.
Finally, some clinical studies have shown that taking this substance can lead to weight loss. At the same time, it improves multiple health indicators, such as BMI and abdominal fat.
Other Benefits
- Lowers Blood Sugar Levels
It significantly reduces blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. The effects are comparable to some popular diabetes medications, such as Metformin. It works by reducing insulin resistance, increasing glycolysis, reducing sugar production in the liver, slowing the breakdown of carbohydrates in the intestines, and increasing the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestines.
- Lowers Cholesterol
Studies show that berberina compound can reduce total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels while increasing HDL, which is “good” cholesterol, potentially reducing the risk of heart disease.
- Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory
Preliminary studies show that it may be good for depression, cancer, infections, fatty liver disease, and heart failure.
Side Effects: Is Berberine Safe?
- Digestive Issues: May cause mild stomach upset, diarrhoea, or constipation.
- Interactions: Can interact with medications like antibiotics, anticoagulants, or blood sugar regulators.
Is It Legal?
- United States (FDA): Classified as a dietary supplement ingredient with no specific restrictions.
- European Union (EFSA): Approved for use in supplements but must comply with health claim regulations.
- Canada (Health Canada): Permission for natural health products with appropriate labelling.
- Australia (TGA): Allowed in complementary medicines with regulatory compliance.
- Japan (MHLW): Recognized as a functional ingredient in supplements.
What is Berberine Used For?
- Dietary Supplements: A staple in metabolic health formulations.
- Pharmaceuticals: Used in medications for diabetes and cholesterol management.
- Traditional Medicine: Integral to herbal remedies in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine.
- Cosmetics: These are included in skincare products for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
Recommended Dosage and Usage
- General Use: 500–1,500 mg daily, divided into 2–3 doses.
- Diabetes Management: 1,000–1,500 mg daily per healthcare provider guidance.
- Weight Loss: 1,000 mg daily for optimal effects.
How to Store Berberine HCL Powder?
Store in a dry location with low temperatures, maintain product integrity and use an airtight container.
Berberine VS Metformin
Berberine and Metformin (CAS: 1115-70-4) represent different glucose regulation and metabolic control approaches when comparing these metabolic regulators. Berberine HCl is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid with its molecular formula C20H18NO4Cl and molecular weight of 371.81 g/mol. In contrast, Metformin is a synthetic biguanide compound, bearing the molecular formula C4H11N5·HCl and a molecular weight of 165.63 g/mol.
Berberine HCl (berberine hydrochloride) appears as a bright yellow crystalline powder with moderate water solubility (2.1 mg/mL at 25°C) and demonstrates multifaceted effects on metabolism. Its mechanisms include AMPK activation, gut microbiota modulation, and regulation of glucose transporters. The compound shows relatively low bioavailability (less than 5%) due to P-glycoprotein efflux in the intestines but accumulates in tissues over time.
Metformin is a white crystalline powder with high water solubility (>100 mg/mL at 25°C). It primarily works through AMPK activation and reduction of hepatic glucose production, though it also influences gut microbiota and various metabolic pathways. Its bioavailability is higher than Berberine’s (50-60%), with primary liver and gastrointestinal tract accumulation.
Their mechanisms of action overlap significantly in AMPK activation, but each has unique attributes. Berberine shows broader effects through multiple pathways, including direct antimicrobial properties and lipid-lowering capabilities. Metformin’s effects focus on hepatic glucose production and insulin sensitivity improvement, with powerful effects on reducing gluconeogenesis.
Practically, both compounds require gradual dose escalation to minimize gastrointestinal effects. Berberine typically requires higher doses (1000-1500mg daily) divided into multiple administrations, while Metformin’s typical therapeutic dose ranges from 500-2000mg daily, also divided into various doses.
| Feature | Berberine HCL | Metformin |
| CAS Number | 633-65-8 | 657-24-9 |
| Molecular Formula | C20H18NO4Cl | C4H11N5 |
| Molecular Weight | 371.81 g/mol | 165.63 g/mol |
| Source | Natural (Plant-derived) | Synthetic |
| Mechanism | Activates AMPK | Inhibits hepatic glucose production |
| Side Effects | Mild digestive issues | Risk of lactic acidosis, GI distress |
Note: Metformin, commonly known as Glucophage and Kuruca, is a first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. As a pharmaceutical product, Nutri Avenue does not sell it.
Conclusion
Berberine powder/berberine hydrochloride is a versatile and powerful natural compound with numerous health benefits, particularly in metabolic and cardiovascular health. Its multifaceted applications make it a popular dietary supplement and traditional medicine choice.
Buy Best Berberine Powder Near Me: Nutri Avenue
As an FDA-registered supplier of raw materials for dietary supplements, Nutri Avenue has established itself as a trusted provider to manufacturers, contract manufacturers, and private labellers worldwide. Nutri Avenue offers a diverse selection of raw materials in large quantities and bulk packaging, offering its customers wholesale pricing. It is an attractive partner for those looking to streamline their supply chain operations. With five well-positioned inventories throughout the United States, the company guarantees prompt and reliable delivery to meet the demands of businesses nationwide.
Nutri Avenue’s commitment to quality is demonstrated through its adherence to rigorous third-party testing protocols, complemented by comprehensive certificates and detailed reports that affirm product integrity. The company’s longstanding partnerships with leading factories guarantee the availability of a stable and continuous supply of raw materials, ensuring that customers can depend on consistent and uninterrupted service.
In addition to its extensive product range, Nutri Avenue offers comprehensive OEM and ODM services, facilitating complete product customization in various forms, such as capsules, tablets, soft gels, oils, and powders. The company’s flexible logistics options – including air, sea, and land transportation – provide customers with tailored delivery solutions based on their needs. Nutri Avenue serves many international markets, including North America, Mexico, Poland, Hungary, France, and South America. This underscores its position as a global leader in dietary supplements’ raw material supply sector.
* All products from Nutri Avenue can provide ISO certificates.
FAQs
Coptis chinensis is a traditional Chinese herb known to contain berberine, but it is not the same as berberine itself.
Coptis chinensis is a plant from which berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is isolated. The herb has been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, and berberine is one of its main bioactive components with a wide range of pharmacological properties.
Therefore, while berberine is a significant constituent of Coptis chinensis, the two are not identical. Coptis chinensis is the source plant, and the natural compound is an active compound derived from it.
Yes. It is a natural compound found in plants like Coptis chinensis, has been studied for its potential effects on weight loss and metabolic health.
Some studies have shown that berberine may lose weight by lowering blood sugar and regulating pancreatic islets, reducing body fat, affecting fat and protein metabolism, activating AMPK, and improving intestinal microorganisms.
No. It does not appear harmful to the kidneys and may offer protective effects against kidney disease. Studies have shown that the compound has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects. It can effectively improve kidney damage in diabetic nephropathy (DKD). The specific mechanism of action may include:
– Improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism
– Reduction of oxidative stress
– Reduction of inflammatory response
– Improvement of renal fibrosis
– Regulating DNA methylation
– Improving mitochondrial function
– Regulating intestinal flora, improving intestinal metabolism and clearance function
