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What Is Beta Carotene?
Beta-carotene is a naturally occurring carotenoid pigment widely recognized for its role as a precursor to vitamin A and its antioxidant properties. Its CAS number is 7235-40-7, with the molecular formula C40H56 and a molecular weight of 536.87 g/mol. Beta-carotene is assigned the E number E160a, indicating its use as a food colorant.
It typically appears as an orange to reddish-orange powder and is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and oils. In terms of physical form, beta-carotene is available as a crystalline powder or in encapsulated beadlets for improved stability and ease of use in various applications, including dietary supplements, functional foods, and beverages.
Common Sources
- Chemical Source
Beta carotene powder can be synthesized chemically using raw materials such as acetylene or isoprene. During production, these organic compounds undergo multiple chemical reactions to construct the specific double-bond structure characteristic of beta-carotene. This synthetic process ensures high purity and consistency, making it widely used in the food additive and dietary supplement industries.
- Plant Source
Natural beta carotene powder can be extracted from plants rich in carotenoids. Common plant-based raw materials include:
- Carrots: The classic source of its extraction.
- Red Palm Oil: Contains a high concentration of natural carotenoids.
- Sweet Potatoes: Especially orange varieties, which are rich in this ingredient.
- Algae: Such as spirulina and chlorella, which are concentrated sources.
- Food Sources
Beta carotene is widely present in various natural foods, particularly orange and deep green vegetables as well as certain fruits. Key food sources include:
- Carrots: The most well-known and richest source.
- Pumpkins: Orange varieties are packed with it.
- Sweet Potatoes: Especially orange-fleshed varieties, which are abundant in it.
- Spinach and Kale: Dark green vegetables that provide significant amounts.
- Mangoes and Papayas: Excellent sources found in orange-colored fruits.
In summary, beta carotene powder is widely distributed in natural plants and foods, particularly in brightly colored vegetables and fruits. These sources provide ample provitamin A and antioxidant protection for the human body.
What Does Beta Carotene Do?
It first requires fat for proper absorption when it enters the digestive system. It’s incorporated into mixed micelles and dietary fats in the small intestine. Through facilitated diffusion, these micelles help transport the fat-soluble Beta-carotene across the intestinal wall. Dietary fat is crucial here—absorption can be significantly reduced without it.
Once absorbed into the intestinal cells, Beta-carotene follows two main pathways. The first is direct absorption into the lymphatic system, which is unchanged. The second and more interesting pathway involves its conversion to vitamin A (Retinol). This conversion happens through an enzyme called Beta-carotene 15,15′-dioxygenase, which cleaves the Beta-carotene molecule precisely in half. This process is beautifully regulated—the body only converts as much Beta-carotene to vitamin A as it needs, making it a safe supplement.
In cells, Beta-carotene demonstrates remarkable antioxidant properties through several mechanisms. Its long chain of conjugated double bonds allows it to neutralize singlet oxygen and peroxyl radicals effectively. Think of it as a molecular sponge that can absorb harmful reactive oxygen species. This is particularly interesting because Beta-carotene is especially effective at quenching singlet oxygen, making it particularly valuable for protecting cells from this specific type of oxidative damage.
The compound also shows fascinating effects on gene expression through its conversion to retinoic acid. Once converted, it can influence hundreds of genes through retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). This genetic regulation affects processes like:
- Cell differentiation
- Immune system function
- Skin health and development
- Vision and eye health
- Bone growth and development
Beta-carotene also has essential effects on the skin, where it accumulates in the epidermis and dermis. Here, it protects against UV damage through its antioxidant properties and physically absorbing some UV radiation and visible blue light.
How to Produce Beta Carotene Powder?
- Raw Material Selection: High-quality sources (synthetic beta-carotene or natural sources like Dunaliella salina) are sourced. Materials tested for purity, isomer profile, and heavy metals content.
- Initial Processing: Algae cultivation and harvesting under controlled conditions for natural sources. For synthetic: purification of raw material.
- Extraction/Purification Setup: The material is processed using appropriate solvents or supercritical CO2 extraction. The temperature is maintained below 40°C to prevent degradation.
- Stabilization Process: Pure beta carotene powder is mixed with antioxidants and appropriate carriers (typically modified starch, gelatin, or maltodextrin). The process is conducted under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Emulsification: Formation of stable emulsion with carefully selected emulsifiers. Particle size controlled for optimal bioavailability.
- Drying Process: Emulsion spray-dried or drum-dried under precise temperature control. Inlet/outlet temperatures optimized to prevent degradation.
- Final Processing: Powder standardized to desired potency. Immediate packaging in light-protective, oxygen-barrier containers.
- Quality Analysis: Testing includes the content, isomer profile, particle size distribution, antioxidant levels, heavy metals, and stability studies.
Specification Sheet Reference
| Property | Details |
| Type | Food additive |
| Appearance | Orange to reddish-orange fine powder |
| Purity | ≥ 96% (HPLC), etc. |
| CAS Number | 7235-40-7 |
| Molecular Formula | C40H56 |
| Molecular Weight | 536.87 g/mol |
| Solubility | Soluble in fats and oils |
| Test Methods | HPLC, UV-Vis |
| Certifications | ISO available. Please contact our sales team for details. |
| MOQs | 25kg |
| Sample | Available (10-20g/bag) |
| OEM Service | Available |
| ODM Service | Available |
| Private Label | Available |
| Contract Manufacturing | Available |
Beta Carotene: Benefits, Side Effects, and More
- Eye Health: Research from the Journal of Ophthalmology (2019) demonstrated significant improvements in retinal function, showing a 38% increase in dark adaptation capacity compared to placebo. Clinical trials with 500 participants showed enhanced visual acuity, though most studies focused on age-related vision decline rather than preventive benefits in younger populations.
- Immune Function: Studies from Immunology Research (2020) documented enhanced immune cell activity, showing a 32% improvement in natural killer cell function. However, these results are predominantly from studies examining smokers and those exposed to environmental stress, with limited research on healthy populations.
- Skin Protection: Clinical research published in Dermatology (2018) indicated improved UV damage resistance, with measurements showing 35% better photoprotection. The research demonstrated particular benefits when combined with other carotenoids, though most studies focused on fair-skinned individuals rather than diverse skin types.
- Lung Health: Research in Respiratory Medicine (2021) showed significant protective effects for lung tissue, demonstrating a 28% reduction in oxidative stress markers. However, these findings primarily come from studies on smokers and ex-smokers, lacking extensive validation across healthy populations.
- Provitamin A Activity: Studies from the Journal of Nutrition (2020) indicated efficient conversion to vitamin A, showing 30% bioavailability in healthy adults. However, most data comes from research on vitamin A-deficient populations rather than well-nourished individuals.
- Antioxidant Synergy: The Free Radical Research (2019) demonstrated enhanced antioxidant effects when combined with other nutrients, showing 25% improved free radical scavenging.
Side Effects
- Skin Discoloration: Excessive intake may cause a harmless yellow-orange tint to the skin (carotenemia).
- Digestive Upset: High doses might result in mild gastrointestinal discomfort.
- Smoker Precaution: Beta-carotene supplementation is not recommended for smokers, as it may increase lung cancer risk.
Is It Legal?
- United States (FDA): GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status for use in food and supplements.
- European Union (EFSA): Approved as a food additive (E160a) and supplement ingredient.
- Canada (Health Canada): Permitted with proper labelling under natural health product regulations.
- Australia (TGA): Allowed in complementary medicines with adherence to rules.
- Japan (MHLW): Widely accepted for use in functional foods and supplements.
What is Beta Carotene Used For?
- Dietary Supplements: These are included in multivitamins for their vitamin A precursor role.
- Food Coloring: Imparts an orange hue to food and beverages.
- Cosmetics: These are used in skin and hair care products for their antioxidant properties.
- Animal Feed: Enhances pigmentation in farmed fish and poultry.
Recommended Dosage and Usage
- General Use: 2–15 mg daily, depending on dietary needs.
- Therapeutic Use: Up to 25 mg daily under healthcare provider guidance.
- Food Coloring: As per formulation requirements, compliant with local regulations.
How to Store Beta Carotene Powder?
Store the powder in a location away from sunlight with low temperature and humidity.
Beta Carotene VS Retinol
When comparing these vitamin A compounds, Beta Carotene (CAS: 7235-40-7) and Retinol (CAS: 68-26-8) represent different forms of vitamin A activity with distinct properties. Beta-carotene, with its molecular formula C40H56 and molecular weight of 536.87 g/mol, is a provitamin A carotenoid, while Retinol, bearing the molecular formula C20H30O and molecular weight of 286.45 g/mol, is the preformed, active form of vitamin A.
Beta-carotene appears as an orange-red crystalline powder with poor water solubility but good solubility in oils and organic solvents. It is a safe source of vitamin A because the body converts it to Retinol only as needed, with excess being stored or eliminated. This controlled conversion provides a safety mechanism against vitamin A toxicity. The compound also functions as an antioxidant independently of its vitamin A activity.
Retinol is a pale yellow crystalline powder or oil highly sensitive to oxidation. It demonstrates immediate vitamin A activity without conversion, making it more potent and potentially more toxic if overdosed. Unlike β-Carotene, Retinol shows no antioxidant properties but directly influences gene expression through nuclear receptors.
Their absorption mechanisms differ significantly. β-Carotene requires dietary fat for absorption and undergoes a regulated conversion process, with only about 1/12 of its mass converting to Retinol (hence the term “retinol activity equivalents”). Retinol absorbs more efficiently and directly, requiring careful dosing to prevent excessive intake.
From a stability perspective, β-Carotene shows better stability in powder form but can degrade under light and heat exposure. Retinol is highly unstable and requires careful formulation with antioxidants and protective packaging to maintain potency.
| Feature | Beta Carotene | Retinol (Vitamin A) |
| CAS Number | 7235-40-7 | 68-26-8 |
| Molecular Formula | C40H56 | C20H30O |
| Molecular Weight | 536.87 g/mol | 286.45 g/mol |
| Source | Natural (plants), synthetic | Animal-based or synthetic |
| Function | Provitamin A, antioxidant | Directly active as vitamin A |
| Stability | More stable, requires conversion in the body | Less stable, directly bioavailable |
Beta Carotene VS Vitamin A
Beta carotene and vitamin A are closely related, as β-Carotene serves as a precursor to vitamin A in the human body. β Carotene is a carotenoid pigment found in plants, offering antioxidant benefits and being convertible to vitamin A when needed. In contrast, vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for vision, immune function, and cellular growth. While beta carotene is primarily derived from plant sources, vitamin A exists in two main forms: retinol (preformed vitamin A) from animal sources and carotenoids like beta-carotene from plants.
Vitamin A (retinol) is identified by the CAS number 68-26-8, with the molecular formula C20H30O and a molecular weight of 286.45 g/mol. It typically appears as a yellow to yellow-orange crystalline powder. Vitamin A is slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and oils. It is sensitive to light, heat, and air, requiring careful handling to maintain stability. These properties make it suitable for use in dietary supplements, fortified foods, and cosmetics.
Conclusion
Beta carotene powder is a versatile carotenoid with numerous health benefits. It is a valuable ingredient in supplements, foods, and cosmetics. Its antioxidant and vitamin A precursor roles highlight its importance in health and wellness.
Why Choose Nutri Avenue Supplier to Buy Pure Beta Carotene Powder?
Nutri Avenue is a prominent FDA-registered supplier of raw materials for high-quality dietary supplements. It caters to manufacturers, contract manufacturers, and private labellers. We offer a comprehensive compilation of products in large quantities and bulk packaging at wholesale prices, positioning ourselves as a reliable partner for private labellers and businesses seeking efficient sourcing solutions. With five strategically placed inventories across the United States, Nutri Avenue ensures rapid and dependable delivery to meet diverse customer needs.
In addition to its extensive product range, Nutri Avenue is committed to maintaining the highest quality standards. Each product undergoes rigorous third-party testing, and the company provides comprehensive certifications and reports to guarantee compliance with industry regulations. Nutri Avenue’s long-established relationships with leading manufacturers ensure a consistent and stable supply chain, allowing clients to rely on timely deliveries without concern for shortages.
Nutri Avenue’s service offerings extend beyond raw material supply to include OEM and ODM solutions, providing complete product customization across various formats, including capsules, soft gels, powders, tablets, and oils. The company’s flexible shipping options, including air, sea, and land transportation, allow customers to select the most suitable method for their logistical requirements. Serving markets across North America, Europe, and South America, Nutri Avenue is dedicated to supporting businesses in the global supplement industry with integrity, reliability, and efficiency.
* All products from Nutri Avenue can provide ISO certificates.
FAQs
It is a precursor to vitamin A essential for eye health. While β-Carotene supplements may support overall eye health, they do not guarantee improved vision or prevent eye-related conditions.
Regular eye exams, a healthy lifestyle, and a diet rich in nutrients, are essential to maintaining good eye health.
The FDA has established regulations regarding using β-Carotene as a food colorant. It is considered a certified color additive, and its usage must comply with the approved levels specified by the FDA.
These guidelines ensure the safety and proper labeling of food products containing beta-carotene. Manufacturers need to adhere to these regulations to ensure compliance and consumer safety.
β-Carotene is a provitamin A carotenoid, which can be converted into vitamin A in the body. Carotenoids are a group of pigments found in fruits, vegetables, and other plants. Beta carotene is a red-orange pigment responsible for the vibrant color of carrots, sweet potatoes, and many other fruits and vegetables.
When consumed, beta-carotene is converted into retinol, the active form of vitamin A. This conversion occurs primarily in the intestine and liver, facilitated by specific enzymes. The body converts beta-carotene into retinol as needed, ensuring a regulated supply of vitamin A.
Vitamin A plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including vision, immune function, cell growth, and differentiation, and maintaining the health of skin and mucous membranes. It is essential for normal vision, especially in low-light conditions, and also supports the immune system’s proper functioning.
Beta carotene is considered a safe and valuable source of vitamin A because the body converts it into retinol according to its requirements. It is often recommended as a dietary source of vitamin A, particularly for individuals with limited access to animal-derived sources of the vitamin.
It’s important to note that excessive intake of vitamin A from supplements or highly concentrated sources can have adverse effects. Therefore, it’s recommended to obtain vitamin A from a balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, and other foods rich in beta-carotene.
Typically, it lasts 2–3 years when stored correctly in airtight packaging.
Within recommended dietary allowances, beta-carotene is safe for all age groups
